War and Massacre, by Thomas Nagel - 872 Words

In â€Å"War and Massacre† by Thomas Nagel, Nagel argues that there are limits on what can be done to an enemy even its for the sake of overall good. He believes that such an idea is grounded on the principles of Absolutism, where morality is determined by the action itself (deontology). This is contrary to the view of Utilitarianism, which relies on the premise that Morality is determined by its consequences (Consequentialism). Although could one in fact generate such a moral structure around war? Do the ends justify the means in War? Through identifying with a real-life example, I will look to expand on Nagel’s account where an action taken by a country in war would be prohibited even if it were for the overall good. In mid-November of last†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, such a position according to Nagel would be considered a prohibited act in war, even though the act was done for the overall good of the region. In his argument in his piece War and Massacre, he creates this dialectic between Utilitarianism and Kantianism (Absolutism). Nagel begins his theory with two premises. His first premise discusses the idea that war and conflict is a relation between persons and therefore the way people treat people in the context of war must be considered under a moral paradigm. His second premise follows two classes of absolutist’s restrictions; who can count as a legitimate target of attack and what counts as a legitimate manner of attack. Based on these premises, it is clear that Nagel would suggest that such an action by the IDF would under no circumstance be morally justifiable by these premises even when the stakes are high. This is simply because an absolutists view would hold th at â€Å"one may not kill another person under any circumstances, no matter what good would be achieved or evil thereby† (126, War and Massacre). Therefore Nagel would still deem a militant commanderShow MoreRelatedReview : War And Massacre By Thomas Nagel2297 Words   |  10 Pages Kinshuk Sen Philosophy 4 Robert C. Hughes Discussion 1G O. Taiwo Paper 2 Is Everything Truly Fair in War? Absolutism is a political theory that views all values and principles as unconditional, rather than as relative, dependent, or changeable entities. The school of thought is associated with the perception of interpersonal relationships, wherein one views oneself as a small being interacting with others in a larger system. It limits the effect of Utilitarianism, a form of belief that believesRead MoreThe Lai Massacre And The Vietnam War1186 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Lai Massacre violated the international humanitarian law of war. The Lai Massacre and the Vietnam War raises critical questions about how America conduct war and its military leadership in Vietnam. The massacre of innocent unarmed civilians illustrates the horrendous war crime committed by American soldiers. Lippman discusses how the United States tried to keep the events of My Lai Massacre from the public. The My Lai Massacre makes me wonder if this was only one of the many massacres in VietnamRead MoreKilling Innocent Ci vilian During War977 Words   |  4 PagesCivilian during War Wars in our history have told human beings of the atrocities and horror our predecessors have committed and faced. The moral question at hand of killing of innocent civilian during war have been long debated by the people whether it was right to end the lives of people who are not involved in the war in order to stop the greater numbers of casualties that would have come without it as well to punish the enemies for their evil. Though these casualties during war already been doneRead More Democracy and Political Obligation Essay4061 Words   |  17 Pageshave a legitimation function for actions that seem to be morally reprehensible, this concept must be linked to a concept of political responsibility and obligation. Such renowned moral philosophers as Michael Walzer and, though more hesitantly, Thomas Nagel and Bernard Williams, seem to accept that political necessity can cause the paradox that responsible politicians must get their hands dirty and commit moral crimes. (2) From a Kantian moral point of view, there can be no other necessity for free

Role of Music in Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin

The Role of Music in Sonnys Blues Sonnys Blues, by James Baldwin, explores the strained relationship that two brothers the unnamed narrator and Sonny have and how the narrator slowly begins to recognize Sonnys relationship with music. While the narrator is initially baffled by Sonnys dream to become a musician, towards the end of the short story, he recognizes that Sonny depends on music and that it is a driving force in his life, possibly one of the only things that keep him alive. Sonnys Blues opens with news that Sonny has been recently apprehended during a drug bust, which establishes that Sonny has had an ongoing problem with drug addiction, specifically heroin. While the narrator is apprehensive about contacting Sonny after this incident as the brother have lost touch over the years, he eventually reaches out to Sonny and gains insight into what Sonny has been doing during their estrangement; it is also during this time that the narrator recognizes that music is not only an artistic outlet for Sonny, but also p rovides an emotional and psychological catharsis for him and those that listen to his music. Sonny best describes his dependency on music as he talks to his brother after an old-fashioned revival meeting during which there was much singing. Sonny states, When she was singing before, said Sonny, abruptly, her voice reminded me for a minute of what heroin feels like sometimes when its in your veins. It makes you feel sort of warm and cool atShow MoreRelatedAdversity In Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin892 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† utilizes race, poverty, stereotypes, and adversity to shine a light on the struggle to escape circumstance. Throughout the text, Baldwin describes the hardships leaching the life out of Harlem’s black community from the narrator’s perspective. Sonny, the narrator’s brother, struggles with his identity and ability to feel emotion leading him to the world of music and drugs, â€Å"To be aware of oneself, Baldwin believes, is to feel a sense of loss, to know where we are andRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin956 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin was born on August 2, 1924, to a single mother in Harlem. After his mother marri ed his stepfather David Baldwin, who was a Baptist minister, he was adopted by him. Growing up, he didn’t feel as if he was accepted the way his other siblings were, though. In some of Baldwin stories, they often have a similar story line where it seems he is the less favored child over everyone else. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† a similar scenario is presented in some ways. While the unnamed narrator often speaksRead MoreSonnys blues literary analysis2558 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Jane-Clare Dauito Professor Thorstensen English Composition 2 11 December 2013 Within The Blues James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is a story of how a distant and conflicting relationship between two brothers is saved by the powerful message within music. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† the music portrays a very powerful message. The story begins with Sonny being arrested for heroin use. Sonny’s older brother is a school teacher and did not want to believe that the news was true, â€Å"I didn’t want to believe thatRead MoreSonny s Blues By James Baldwin827 Words   |  4 PagesSonny’s Blues In James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† it is only when a brother loses his child that he realizes how easy it can be to lose his brother. The narrator’s little brother, Sonny, was left in his charge when their parents passed away. He neglects Sonny and leaves him to work through hard decisions on his own which leads to Sonny being picked up by the police for using and selling drugs. When the narrator’s daughter, Grace, passes he sees how suffering can affect people and reaches outRead MoreSonnys Blues - Baldwin Personal Reflection1220 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is an emotional story written by an amazing author, James Baldwin, who has come to be one of my favorite writers. This particular piece talks about the troubles of African American freeing themselves from the mental bondages of their surroundings, the ghetto. The title is significant, and helped me to understand the underlining meaning of the story. The title can be divided into two main reasons, the first, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues, meaning the music he plays. Second is the reference to hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonny s Blues By John M. Lee2198 Words   |  9 PagesCourse: English 132 Sonny’s Blues is one of the famous stories expressing the deplorable conditions the Black community found themselves in during the struggle against racial segregation in the American history. The analysis given by John M. Reilley is to draw the attention of the readers and audience on the image of the black community, basically as expressed by Sonny’s Blues as a metaphor. Following the publication of Sonny’s Blues, James Baldwin realized he had a role in the African AmericanRead MoreThe Effects Of Racism In Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin983 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Sonny’s Blue†, by James Baldwin, reflects a story of an unidentified narrator and his younger brother Sonny through their fights to overcome suffering and racism in Harlem in 1950s. The setting plays an important role in the story. The time period can be assumed to be an era filled with poverty, drugs and racial tension and Harlem being predominantly African-American. These factors seem to have a role in â€Å"Sonny’s Blue†. In â€Å"Sonnys Blues†, James Baldwin, a narrator, reflects a theme of sufferingRead MoreThe Meaning of Jazz in African American Culture Particularly in Harlem During the 1950’s2384 Words   |  10 PagesHarlem During the 1950’s In the Baldwin’s story, Sonny’s Blues, the author portrays African -Americans in the urban life. Even though he writes about reconciliation of two brothers, who are trying to overcome their differences and to come to understand each other, the story shows the meaning of Jazz in African American culture, particularly in Harlem during 1950. The urban life in Harlem has being described by many authors, including James Baldwin. The life of an African American man in this placeRead MoreIf Beale Street Could Talk and Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin1128 Words   |  5 PagesIn If Beale Street Could Talk and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† author James Baldwin shows that embracing suffering, rather than being trapped by it, leads to growth and enlightenment. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† introduces two brothers who have differing mindsets about how to best cope with suffering. The narrator is Sonny’s responsible, unnamed older brother, who follows a very ordered path, using military service, marriage and teaching math to gain stability and escape the downward pull of Harlem. In contrast, youngerRead MoreSymbolism In Sonnys Blues1392 Words   |  6 PagesSonny’s Blues by James Baldwin is a short story about two brothers that overcome many obstacles in their lives such as housing problems, death, discrimination, drug addiction, and imprisonment. Baldwin tends to use a lot of symbolism, allegories and imagery within the text as well. This story expresses the overall theme of suffering that Black Americans faced during the 1950s. The link between music, drugs, and environment play a large role when it comes to the characters suffering. Much of the

What Goes Around Comes Around (Karma) Free Essays

If one would want to examine one’s self about the meaning of a word or phrase by comparison with what others mean with the word or phrase, one will find confirmation of similarity or change in meaning in relation to time. Given such thesis, this essay intends to validate that same by exploring my own assumptions and beliefs about a certain concept or phrase by,   discovering what I believe about and how those ideas have been formed in me, and exploring outside viewpoints of the topic using contemporary and/or literary figures, politicians, poets, authors, media images, institutions, history books, etc. Exploration of self: What I think and feel about the phrase â€Å"What Goes Around Comes Around (Around). We will write a custom essay sample on What Goes Around Comes Around (Karma) or any similar topic only for you Order Now †? As I use the new version of software in the Internet, the computer flashes a message: â€Å"Paying is a good karma.†Ã‚   The word ‘karma’ enters into my mind that if there could is good karma, there must be bad karma.   Before my encounter of the phrase of good karma, the meaning of the word karma for me was negative that whatever error or mistake one must have done will really come back to haunt one back.   The word ‘karma’ or the phrase ‘what goes around comes around’ serves as self-evaluation that would result of self-judgment.   Sometimes, the self judges very harshly, hence , one could just imagine the tendency that I may have done just to avoid the word ‘karma’ before it comes to mind that there could some good in it.   The experience has therefore brought me into the reality of experiencing the meaning of words into my life that though as one is just a word; it carries a message that could turn on or off oneâ⠂¬â„¢s mood in a day.   This is not surprising because I believe that man is created also an emotional being although he is endowed with a rational mind.   What is to interesting with emotion is that is what one feels at the moment and most of the sometimes, what one feels is more powerful than what one thinks.   In trying therefore to reflect on the meaning of karma in this paper, I have to admit that words or phrases could change or could have different meaning at different times.   Thus the need to have updated dictionaries.   Let us apply on how Oxford English Dictionary defines the word ‘karma’ in two ways.   One definition for the word goes this way: â€Å"From the Sanskrit word (meaning ‘action’ or ‘effect’) used in Hinduism and Buddhism to refer to the principle by which a person’s actions in this world determine the fate that awaits him or her after death.   In English the word is sometimes used more loosely to refer to the processes of destiny, and it has sometimes been chosen as a given name with reference to this idea.†[1] Its other definition goes this way: â€Å"the sum of a person’s actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as affecting their future fate.†[2]   Comparing the two defi nitions by the same dictionary does not make much difference as to the meaning referring to after life consequences. Exploration of other viewpoints about the phrase and how the meaning of the phrase or word ‘karma’ has changed over time, how the phrase was formed, etc. Let us take what other old viewpoints using the phrase ‘What comes around goes around’ or word ‘karma’ and let us take still another who has used the phrase in the context of a given statement.   There is such phrases as law of Karma under various names and this include â€Å"the law of compensation†; â€Å"the law of balance†; † the law of action and re-action†.[3] One could easily get some connection with the author’s explanation of the term as bringing it judgment, correcting all wrongs, punishing all vices, and rewarding all virtues.   The inevitability of cause and effect means and ends, and seed and fruit are simply there.   A man’s normal reading of that interpretation by the author would be to look at the cause if something could be done so that the necessary good effect will come out.   One this note therefore the word ‘karma’ from 1894 had had already a positive or negative meaningâ€℠¢ and as I now realize, it may be that I was not that attentive of its meaning then.   I mean, the term could mean also to be positive and not just negative. Ward explained further the use of the term ‘karma; allows equating it with the law as justice, and when viewed in its applications,   Ã‚  an action of an individual has with it retribution.   If such is the case, there is also reason to agree with authors’ conclusion that â€Å"every secret is told, every crime is punished, every virtue rewarded, every wrong redressed, in silence and certainty.†[4] One could see from karma that nothing comes by accident, that what one reaps, what he or she has sown. There is therefore a universal rule that giving love brings further love.   Sowing brings further reaping.   In more concrete application, it may mean money begets money. The phrase â€Å"What goes around†¦Ã‚   Comes Around† happened to be the third single from Justin Timberlake’s second solo album FutureSex/LoveSounds which was released in 2006.[5] People who could relate with the song may interpret the part ‘going around’ as where Timberlake mourned how his ex-lover may have wounded him and in ‘coming around’ as referring how the law of balance came into effect, as Timberlake’s ex-lover new boyfriend now treat said ex-lover in like manner the woman treated Timberlake in the ‘going around’ portion of the song. Synthesis of two parts Comparing my personal experience and other’s viewpoints with the word or phrase puts me now into the questions: ‘Do I have a different connotation of the word or phrase with theirs?   What, if any?   If there is no difference, justify.’ I feel that the meaning of the word to me changed overtime as how others may have changed it. Phrases or terms or words are just means to communicate meanings .When one encounters how a word or phrase is meant by other   the person so encountered, he or she also makes a meaning out of how he or she understood the word or phrase in the outside world.  Ã‚   When that new meaning comes into the person, the latter could use the word in a sentence or in expressing thoughts to others.   When many people agree about the usage of phrase of terms or word these agreements and confirmations, produce a part of culture.   This is when people adjust with other members of society as to giving birth to the general acceptability of the word.[6] It could be said that difference in the meanings of the word ‘karma’ was not really meant in 1894.[7]   Ã‚  It was my mind who created a difference of the meaning because of my lack of exposure to the meaning of karma, that there could also be a good karma not just good karma.   This therefore   brings me another reality that knowledge of one thing or even a simple word and its meaning to every one vary across different people until that person realizes that he or she must understand what others really give to that word so that person could actually relate under a bigger world.   If the world speaks with one word or one language, perhaps the world could be a more peaceful world.   But across cultures are different languages with different words that may have different meanings. Conclusion: There is basis to uphold the thesis that if one would want to examine one’s self about the meaning of a word or phrase by comparison with what others mean with the word or phrase, one will find confirmation of similarity or change in meaning in relation to time. Confirmation of similarity or change in meaning requires one to be honest about the true meaning of the word to himself or herself. After accepting the truth, one must be ready to what is meant by the word or phrase as accepted by majority of people.   The best proof of this is the use of dictionary, which implies that the word may have its meaning reached the point of general acceptability[8].   This may not be hard to understand as human beings communicate using words or terms, and by them, the people’s experience of the word or phrase will be given recognition and acceptance.   I believe that words are defined and used in dictionaries, which may have evolved and changed over time including the chance of expanding the original meaning and even eventually returning to the old meaning. Works Cited: David Kaufer, Suguru Ishizaki, Brian Butler, Jeff Collins, The Power of Words: Unveiling the Speaker and Writer’s Hidden Craft ; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 Mark Guarino, M.;   Out from the Cocoon Timberlake Re-emerges without Squeaky Clean Image; Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), August 24, 2006 New Fowler’s Modern English Usage, Magazine article; The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 278, December 1996 Oxford University Press, Compact Oxford English Dictionary,2007 {www document} URL http://www.askoxford.com/firstnames/karma?view=uk, Accessed May 29,2007 Ward, P.C. Emerson and Theosophy, A Paper read before the Chiswick Lodge of the Theosophical Society ,December 12th, 1892, 1894 {www document}   http://www.theosophical.ca/EmersonTheosophyPCW.html, Accessed May 29,2007 Oxford University Press, (2007)   Ibid Ward, Emerson and Theosophy by P.C. Ward, F.T.S.   A Paper read before the Chiswick Lodge of the Theosophical Society ,December 12th, 1892, 1894 {www document}   http://www.theosophical.ca/EmersonTheosophyPCW.html, Accessed May 29,2007   Ibid Guarino,   Out from the Cocoon Timberlake Re-emerges without Squeaky Clean Image; Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), August 24, 2006 New Fowler’s Modern English Usage , Magazine article; The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 278, December 1996 Ward, Emerson and Theosophy, see above David Kaufer, Suguru Ishizaki, Brian Butler, Jeff Collins, The Power of Words: Unveiling the Speaker and Writer’s Hidden Craft ; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 How to cite What Goes Around Comes Around (Karma), Essay examples

Professional Career Development Meticulous Standards

Question: Describe about the Professional Career Development for Meticulous Standards. Answer: Critical Thinking: As per Autio et al. (2014), critical think presupposes approval of meticulous standards of superiority. Critical thinking helps in reflection, planning and analysis of the any critical situation. On easy note, it can be said critical thinking is the ability of an individual to scrutinize the way of thinking. The Moreover, it also facilitates incorporation of the evidences, one can represent as the justification of his idea. Critical thinking is important for the clear and rationale understanding of any activity (Shipton et al. 2016). Critical thinking can work as an asset for the career of a person as it does not restrict the domain of thinking to a particular section. Critical thinking actually evaluates arguments and counterarguments systematically to obtain the most appropriate outcome from any task. As critical analysis results in development of the skill and attitudes it will help to assess the importance of any activity and will relate to the core meaning of the task. Hence, I would like to think critically when there is any crisis regarding the management of the organization. It is difficult to satisfy every requirements and demands of both the customer and authorities in the hospitality industry. I will imply the positivity of critical thinking where my action will fulfill the demand of the customer without violating any prospects of the company. My learning style has developed through the course as it has helped to think in an emphasized way, synthesizing the aspects of the situation. My capability of decision making has been improved. I have become potential in case of resolving any critical situation. Hospitality industry demands continuous responsive and communicative approach towards the clients (Lin et al. 2013); that is why I have focused on the improvement of my communication skill throughout the learning program. I am capable of critical thinking and I have applied it in a context of conflict management. For an instance, during my internship, there was an issue regarding the product quality of an edible item and customer satisfaction; I was supposed to handle the crisis. To resolve the complication, I made a decision to give the customer a privilege of having the food first and later paying the charge for the product (which is not allowed in the organization). As I was sure about the quality of the product I made this critical decision to achieve the loyalty of the customer by satisfying him with the service. Management of career: Management of career is the foundation for any profession as it will help to focus on the future prospect of the profession. Moreover, it will prohibit an individual from losing the sight of the career. There are few steps that can help one to manage the path of the career. First step is to set the clear goal about the career. Page (2014), mentioned that, it is essential for a person to have an idea about the requirement; he wants to set in as his career ambition. Next is the potentiality of thinking differently. Having innovative ideas enhances the creativity quotient of a person that in turns helps in obtaining of the better options to grow in career. Another important aspect for the career management is to get in touch with apt communication system that is career oriented and helps to focus on the career path along with motivating people to improve the personality, knowledge and skill. Edison, Bin Ali and Torkar (2013), suggested that evaluation of the purpose of the profession and reevaluation of the career accordingly to the changed situation is necessary to stay in the competition. Management of the career requires additional effort and time so that analysis of the activities, that have already done, can be revised as well as it allows taking lesson for the improvement of the quality for the further activities in future. This step shapes the career path with the help of its analytical approach. There are no points of argument that internet and online activities have made the every service easier and accessible to the mass. In hospitality industry where interactive behavioral approach is integrated part of an organization to establish its recognition and brand value in the market, online presentation should be done in such a way that attracts maximum audience. It is important to curate the specialties of a particular organization that visualize interesting facts and uniqueness of that particular organization (Camisn and Villar-Lpez 2014). I will gather knowledge about the details for an organization before presenting its features online. I will attempt to represent the company in a way that it will allow clients to understand the services and facilities easily without confusing them. Moreover, I would like to revise my online presence as this approach is only to hold an uninterrupted connection with the clients and service users. It is important to be available while the cus tomer requires the service. I must not consider personal activities during the working schedule to avoid the breaching with the policies and regulation of the company. Self-motivation: Self-motivation is the intrinsic stimulator that drives an individual to stand up to the expectation and requirement (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The main significance of self-motivation is it pushes an individual without involving any external factors to achieve his goals. Self-motivation is the positive aspect of oneself that concerns with the improvement of the skill, knowledge and potential for that particular person. It involves the hope and optimism that energize an individual to pursue his goals in life. Moreover, Mowday, Porter and Steers (2013), mentioned that self-motivation is the factor that made an individual spontaneous towards any opportunity. A task can be completed within limited resource and help by an individual who is passionate and self-motivated enough to complete the task by any means. On an addition, self-motivated people require less management comparing to the people with unclear focus about their career and goals. Apart from that, an employee can be committed to the organization and produce efficiently if he is driven by the self-motivation. Aims can be changed time to time; however, motivation is the ultimate element that makes a person to keep on going to meet his agenda. According to, Ulrich (2013), self-motivated people are not easily influenced by the opinions of others; they only follow the path that leads them to their aims. I am self motivated. I feel motivated when I revise all the positive side of my characteristics. Moreover, I am determined to complete any task, that I have been allocated. If there are any obstacles in the path of my goal, I would deal with it allowing proper analysis of the situation and forward with best possible solution rather just surrendering to the odds. Moreover, any external factors like opinions and judgmental remarks from others do not influence as long as I am aware of my activity and justified purpose behind this. To place an instance I can say that I can start a project or a task without taking any direction from others as I always look forward to complete any task with implementation of innovative ideas. Another important aspect that I always maintain during any work is discipline. Discipline and creativity are the consequence of ones self motivation that shapes the demand and requirement of a person. Moreover, I contribute all my effort and dedication within a task to complete it within expected time and fulfilling all the requirements. Creative thinking and its importance: Creative thinking involves the capability of generation new ideas that can bring uniqueness to any task. Hu et al. (2012), mentioned that, creative thinking involves fresh insight into a problem so that unorthodox suggestion can be obtained. Moreover, both the structured and unstructured factors can influence the creative thinking. Brainstorming and lateral thinking are two components that stimulate creative thinking (Wang, Tsai and Tsai 2014). In the present scenario, both the social and economic situation fluctuates frequently. There are also technological sophistication that has changed the organizational set up along with the requirements and demands. Hence, creativity is required to counter any competition as well as to increase the market value for any organization. Landy and Conte (2016), mentioned that renewal of the strategy and adaption to the new situation is facilitated by the creativity of the thinking. Creativity in the service, products and working approach is the ulti mate way to gain the long term and stable outcome from the growing competition. Hospitality industry is no difference in this context. In this industry market competition has been intensified over years as well as complication and uncertainties have also been increased gradually. Hon, Bloom and Crant (2014), mentioned that, creativity in thinking and implementation of the planning does not only impact the performance of an organization it also influence the survival of the company in the critical social, political and economic condition. If a company fails to innovate new ideas and strategies to hold the market share the existence of the company can come under question. In hospitality industry companies always try to come up with new service, packages and products; hence to counter these strategies creativity in the organizational planning and its implement is necessary (Schaufeli and Taris 2014). I would like to put my creative thinking to enhance the quality of the service without affecting the costing and other expenses of the organization. Transferable skills and Analysis of strength and weakness: Transferable skills can be defined as the ability to flow the skill across different areas of operation (Korschun, Bhattacharya and Swain 2014). It involves rapid action on a particular situation; thus, shifting of the strategies and implementation of the procedures from other task is required here. An individual must give quick and active response to a situation that is different from the one; the person is currently involved de (Arajo Burcharth, Knudsen and Sndergaard, 2014). Transferable skills may also include coordination of the skills and knowledge required for two different tasks. Transferable skills are effective when organized and composed behavioral approach is required. Analysis of the strength and weakness of an individual is pivotal for the assessment of the potentiality along with the identification of the areas, those a person is required to develop. As per my concern one of my strong point is I am self-motivated; intrinsic drive from within helps me to continue my task until the accomplishment. Moreover, I have the capability to think creatively. I am potential of the critical thinking when there is requirement of the analysis of the situation and taking a valid decision. Having the adequate knowledge on the task is important; that is why I try to gather maximum and minute details about any activity prior to the performance. I am flexible with the co-workers when there is team-work needed. I respect the opinion of the others and try to form a decision by compacting it allowing consideration of others point of view. However, there are some weak points that I need to improve. The first one is the communication. I need to develop a communication s kill that is effective; moreover, it is required to obtain the most functional outcome from the communicative approach. In hospitality industry interactive communication is essential as this industry requires direct interaction with the clients. I need to modify the approach to others so that an image can be obtained that supportive, helping and always available for the clients. There are certain qualities that an employer searches for, in an employee. One of the important components is the setting of a goal for the career. The employee must have the idea on what he does want to do in career and how can he achieve it. Moreover, employers also search for an employee who is consistent on his work. Candidates who are responsible and can stand up on the commitment will get priority over others (Yidong and Xinxin 2013). Other components are positive attitude of a person that can influence the productivity of an organization. Hence, employers search for the employees with positive energy that can also be influential for the other employees in an organization. Furthermore, self-motivation is another component that is required to increase the efficiency of a company. As mentioned by, Findlay, Kalleberg and Warhurst (2013), employers like employees where they have to invest fewer amounts of energy and effort for the management of them. People with self-motivation nee d less direction from and assistance and can complete the task in a complicated situation. Candidates must be flexible and adaptive so that they can work successfully in any situation. During any crisis company requires the employees to act accordingly; moreover, in this regard the critical thinking is important. Innovative ideas and ability to critically analysis the situation are two common attributes that are mostly demanded by the employees. Co-operation and its significance in hospitality: Hospitality industry requires cooperative approach as this sector involves various operational components. To make an integrated system across an organization staffs must work in a cooperative manner. Ability to work in a team is another attribute that employees search in an employee. Incapability to work cooperatively can increase conflicts in an organization. Therefore, it is required to obtain a collaborative approach for an employee so that conflict management can be done easily. Furthermore, communication is important aspect for this industry. To hold functional and effective communication employees must work in a united approach. Supportive behavior to each other is required by the employees. Dries et al. (2014), mentioned that cooperation among team helps to suppress ones weakness and obtain successful team performance. To make the service successful cooperation is essential. To obtain the customer satisfaction cooperative management is required among employees. Apart from that, both the quality and quantity of a task depends on the cooperative management of the staffs of an organization. Employers also supervise the quality of cooperative approach in employees. Thus, it is an important factor that can influence the career objectives of an employee. Moreover, cooperation among the employees can be facilitative to complete any task within time. Carnevale and Smith (2013), mentioned that cooperation among the employees can help to accomplish any task with available resources. Accommodation of knowledge and skill regarding any task is increased by the cooperative mentality among the team members. Innovation is an important part that is required for the development and growth of the company; collaboration encourages new ideas from team workers and helps to obtain creative steps to fulfill the requiremen t. Moreover, cooperative approach towards holding an innovative strategy can help an organization to sustain the market in competitive business scenario. Quality of the task can be improvised while employees are putting the efforts cooperatively. The mandatory question: I can contribute to the success of the company and enhance the quality of the service as I am capable of critical analysis. I can be a part of the extended organizational structure as have the potentiality to think creatively for the sake of good and success of the business. Reference List: Autio, E., Kenney, M., Mustar, P., Siegel, D. and Wright, M., 2014. Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context.Research Policy,43(7), pp.1097-1108. Camisn, C. and Villar-Lpez, A., 2014. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of Business Research,67(1), pp.2891-2902. Carnevale, A.P. and Smith, N., 2013. Workplace basics: The skills employees need and employers want.Human Resource Development International,16(5), pp.491-501. de Arajo Burcharth, A.L., Knudsen, M.P. and Sndergaard, H.A., 2014. Neither invented nor shared here: The impact and management of attitudes for the adoption of open innovation practices.Technovation,34(3), pp.149-161. Dries, N., Forrier, A., De Vos, A. and Pepermans, R., 2014. Self-perceived employability, organization-rated potential, and the psychological contract.Journal of Managerial Psychology,29(5), pp.565-581. Edison, H., Bin Ali, N. and Torkar, R., 2013. Towards innovation measurement in the software industry.Journal of Systems and Software,86(5), pp.1390-1407. Findlay, P., Kalleberg, A.L. and Warhurst, C., 2013. The challenge of job quality.Human Relations,66(4), pp.441-451. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Hon, A.H., Bloom, M. and Crant, J.M., 2014. Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance.Journal of Management,40(3), pp.919-941. Hu, Q., Dinev, T., Hart, P. and Cooke, D., 2012. Managing employee compliance with information security policies: The critical role of top management and organizational culture.Decision Sciences,43(4), pp.615-660. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Lamba, S. and Choudhary, N., 2013. Impact of HRM practices on organizational commitment of employees.International Journal of Advancements in Research Technology,2(4), pp.407-423. Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Lin, H.E., McDonough, E.F., Lin, S.J. and Lin, C.Y.Y., 2013. Managing the exploitation/exploration paradox: The role of a learning capability and innovation ambidexterity.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(2), pp.262-278. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Page, T., 2014. Notions of innovation in healthcare services and products. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,8(3), pp.217-231. Schaufeli, W.B. and Taris, T.W., 2014. A critical review of the Job Demands-Resources Model: Implications for improving work and health. InBridging occupational, organizational and public health(pp. 43-68). Springer Netherlands. Shipton, H., Budhwar, P., Sparrow, P. and Brown, A., 2016. Human resource management, innovation and performance: looking across levels. InHuman Resource Management, Innovation and Performance(pp. 1-12). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Ulrich, D., 2013.Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press. Wang, C.J., Tsai, H.T. and Tsai, M.T., 2014. Linking transformational leadership and employee creativity in the hospitality industry: The influences of creative role identity, creative self-efficacy, and job complexity.Tourism Management,40, pp.79-89. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.441-455.

Evaluation of Success of a Project

Question: Project charter, which allowed you to define the project and give the project manager the ability to use organizational resources. Team contract, which defined the team member rules of engagement. Scope statement, which succinctly explains what the project will do and what it will not do. WBS, which clarifies each task that needs to be done to complete the project. Budget, which shows how resources will be expended. Risk matrix, which identifies project risks and possible mitigation strategies. Communication matrix, which identifies who the project stakeholders are and how they are best contacted. Schedule, which shows the timing of tasks through the project and the expected date of completion. Executive summary, which tells upper management briefly how the project will impact upon the organization. Answer: Evaluation of Success of a Project Various project management tools such as project charter, team contract, scope statement, budget, work breakdown structure (WBS), risk matrix and communication matrix have significant advantages to making the project plan systematic and comprehensive (Kerzner, 2013). In order to determine and evaluate project's success, the following criterion should be considered and monitored Desired Results are achieved: Before execution of the project, the team, project manager and clients have some expectations which can fulfill their needs (PMP, PMSA Meyer, 2015). This outcome helps to predict whether the project is effective or not. The project is finished within Budget and Time: most of the times, clients have limited time and money. Therefore, if any project does not take more money and time than the estimated timeline, then it is said to be successful (Kerzner, 2013). Customers are Satisfied: While processing with any projects, the entire team should ensure the fact that project outcome should be beneficial only to the organization but also meets clients' demands satisfactorily. Moreover, the organization should have an open and honest relationship with their clients to make the project highly successful (PMP, PMSA Meyer, 2015). If the clients are satisfied with project performance, that client will return to the organization. This defines that project is successful and highly beneficial for the organization as well as for the customers. With the above mentioned criterion, project manager should also consider two other approaches which are KPI (Key Performance Indicators) and variance analysis. Key performance indicators help to identify the current problems as well as future risks of the project. On the other hand, variance analysis helps to investigate the loopholes present in the project and examines the difference between planned and actual behavior. References Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. PMP, R. J. C., PMSA, P., Meyer, J. (2015). Aligning Project Success with Organizational Strategy within a Project-Based Organization.

Marketing a new retail business Essay Example

Marketing a new retail business Essay Name: Jayna Kerai Candidate Number: 8709 School Name: Queens Park Community School Centre Number: 12304 We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing a new retail business specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing a new retail business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing a new retail business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Contents TASK ONE ACTION PLAN TASK TWO Part A: Introduction Part B: Business Objectives Part C: The Importance of Marketing Part D: Identifying the Target Market TASK THREE Market Research Questionnaire TASK FOUR Part A: Carrying out my Questionnaire Part B: Getting my questionnaires filled in Part C: Other ways of getting my questionnaire filled out Part D: Different types of Market Research TASK FIVE Part A: Analysing my research Part B : Creating my charts/graphs Part C: Analysing my graphs Part D: What I expected from my research Part E: Evaluating the effectiveness of my research Part F: Discussion of how the research will affect business decisions about marketing Part G: What impact will this have on my business? TASK SIX Part A: Competition in my area Part B: Main Competition Part C: Factors that influence my competition Part D: Factors that influence my business Part E: How my competitor will influence my business TASK SEVEN Part A: Types of Promotion and Advertising Part B: Costs of Advertising Part C: Advertising my Business Part D: Laws that affect my business Part E: How advertising will affect the success of my business TASK EIGHT Part A: Conclusions: Final decisions on marketing my business Part B: Constraints to my Business Part C: Improvements to my marketing plan Part D: Improvements to my research Part E: Environmental, Financial and Social effects BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX TASK ONE ACTION PLAN WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task? WHERE WILL I GET IT FROM? Name the textbook you use. Name the people who helped you. Name the organisations have you used. Give the address of websites that you use. WHEN WILL I FINISH IT? Put in dates for each task. DID I ACHIEVE IT? WERE THERE ANY PROBLEMS OR CHANGES? ANY OTHER COMMENTS? Explain any difficulties you had in getting information or completing the task by the date you planned. Task 2a) I need to decide on my business and its name. For my coursework I needed to investigate other business and what type of business would be the best to open I will make this information up 26-01-07 At first I could not decide what business to base my coursework on, but then I chose a bakery because I had also based my Information and Communications Technology coursework on. Task 2a)business and I needed to type up my introduction The information I will need to achieve this is my business, what type of ownership it will have, the reasons why I chose it and why it will be a successful business I will get my information from myself about the bakery as it is imaginary 30-01-07 The only problem which I came across was that I found it difficult to find reasons why my business will be successful but I resolved this problem by researching more about Task 2b) I also had to identify three objectives and how they use SMART. I need to find the definition of business objective and find examples of business objectives I will get my information from the websites. http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/mkt/dictionary/ 03-02-07 The problem which occurred is that I did not know how to make an objective because I did not know what SMART was. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task? WHERE WILL I GET IT FROM? Name the textbook you use. Name the people who helped you. Name the organisations have you used. Give the address of websites that you use. WHEN WILL I FINISH IT? Put in dates for each task. DID I ACHIEVE IT? WERE THERE ANY PROBLEMS OR CHANGES? ANY OTHER COMMENTS? Explain any difficulties you had in getting information or completing the task by the date you planned. Task 2c) I need to say why marketing is important to my business and what would happen to my business if I did not have any form of marketing The definition of marketing and how marketing affect business. I will get my definition and information of marketing from -Contemporary Marketing Wired (1998) by Boone and Kurtz. Dryden Press. http://iws.ohiolink.edu/moti/homedefinition.html 10-02-07 In this section the problems which occurred is that I could not think of reasons for how if I did not use marketing how it would affect my business, but then I investigated more into marketing and found how it affected my business. Task 2d) I need to identify the target market of my business and why it is important for me to know who my target market is To find the definition of target market and why it is important for businesses I will get my definition and information about target market from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_marketing 14-02-07 In the section the only problem that arose is that I could not describe who my target market was, however I simply investigated more into target market and found, realised that my target market is Task 3) I need to create my own questionnaire for scrumptious To research the layouts and types of questions to ask in questionnaires I will get this information from other questionnaires which I have created and knowledge in marketing. 21-02-07 In this section I found that I did not know what type of questions to put about promotion, so I looked at other examples of questionnaires and related to my business. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task? WHERE WILL I GET IT FROM? Name the textbook you use. Name the people who helped you. Name the organisations have you used. Give the address of websites that you use. WHEN WILL I FINISH IT? Put in dates for each task. DID I ACHIEVE IT? WERE THERE ANY PROBLEMS OR CHANGES? ANY OTHER COMMENTS? Explain any difficulties you had in getting information or completing the task by the date you planned. Task 4a) I need to identify the different types of sampling, and write how each way is carried out and the advantages and disadvantages of them. Then explain why sampling in necessary and what type I will use and why. I need to know the different types of sampling, how they are carried out and both the disadvantages and advantages. I will research different types of sampling over the internet www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~kate/qmcweb/scont.htm 28-02-07 In this section I had forgotten the different types of sampling which I could use. I sorted this by finding the types of sampling on the internet Task 4b) I had to explain who and where I will be getting my questionnaire filled out by I need to know who got my questionnaire filled out by and in what location I should know this because I and friend got the questionnaires filled out 05-03-07 In this section I had difficulties trying to get all of my questionnaires filled out. To resolve this I took a friend to help me get them filled out. Task 4c) I need to explain other ways, which I could have gotten my questionnaire filled out. I needed to know other ways in which I could have distributed my survey and what are there benefits and disadvantages. I will conduct further research on types of sampling. I will ask my aunty who is doing a marketing degree Miss M. Patel 25-3-07 In this section I had forgotten the other methods of conducting my survey, and could not get in contact with my Miss Patel, but then I went to her house and she explained other ways. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task? WHERE WILL I GET IT FROM? Name the textbook you use. Name the people who helped you. Name the organisations have you used. Give the address of websites that you use. WHEN WILL I FINISH IT? Put in dates for each task. DID I ACHIEVE IT? WERE THERE ANY PROBLEMS OR CHANGES? ANY OTHER COMMENTS? Explain any difficulties you had in getting information or completing the task by the date you planned. Task 4d) I need to identify the difference between primary and secondary research. I need to know what field and desk research is, there advantages and disadvantaged. Then find examples of them. I will get my examples and definition on the internet www.fastlinksolutions.co.uk/typesofm.htm 31-03-07 In this section I did not know examples of secondary research, but then I found it on the search engine Google. Task 5a) I need to identify different ways I can analyse my questionnaires and decide which one I will use I need to know the different ways in which my questionnaires can be analysed and know their advantages and disadvantage I will find out different types of graphs, charts and tables from a spreadsheet software such as Microsoft office excel 07-04-07 In this section I did not the know the advantages and disadvantages of the different types charts, graphs and tables Tack 5b) I need to analyse my questionnaires by tallying on a master questionnaire and then turning them into graphs I need tally up on a master questionnaire and turn them into graphs and charts I will get my data from my primary research, my questionnaires. 13-04-07 In this section I found it difficult to analyse the tables from the questionnaires, but then I was given a method by Mr Goldsmith. WHAT DO I NEED TO DO? (N.B. Write in the future tense e.g. I will need to write a definition of marketing) WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED? What do you need to find out in order to complete the task?

Article review

Article review The article under consideration is written by Huston and Sakkab (2006). It dwells upon the application of a new model for innovation by one of the largest companies in the world Procter Gamble. The model is called connect and develop (CD).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Article review â€Å"Connect and Develop: Inside Procter Gambles New Model for Innovation† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors compare the new model with the model largely used in 1980s ‘research and develop’ (RD). The RD model is proved to be less effective in the contemporary business environment (Huston Sakkab, 2006). The authors comment upon the peculiarities of the new model and provide some advice for the implementation of the new CD model. Huston and Sakkab (2006) point out that Procter Gamble first used the new model in 2002. The first product to be developed was a â€Å"line of Pringles potato crisps† which was launched in 2004 (Huston Sakkab, 2006, p.58). The company decided to find the necessary solutions outsides the company. The experience was very successful. Therefore, A.G. Lafley, CEO, decided to change the RD model into more appropriate and effective model for innovation. The authors state that the use of the new model led to the increase of innovation success rate whereas costs of innovation fell. Apart from providing good examples of the effectiveness of the new model, the authors give some advice. For instance, they note that it is important to determine the area of innovations. The company should determine the categories of products to be developed. When the categories are determined, it is possible to find institutions and individuals to collaborate with. The authors provide an effective pattern to determine areas of innovation: researching top 10 consumers’ needs, defining adjacencies and technology game boards. The authors also comment upon possible networ ks to use. Procter Gamble use propriety networks (technology entrepreneurs and suppliers) or open networks specially designed for CD model (NineSigma, InnoCentive, YourEncore, Yet2.com).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Huston Sakkab (2006) also comment upon the most appropriate time to use this model. Finally, the authors emphasize the rapid change of business environment which requires the use of the new model for innovation. Key points The article under analysis provides a detailed description of the use of the new model for innovation, CD model. The authors share a valuable experience of one of the largest companies in the world. It goes without saying that such a detailed and exemplary illustration of the model’s effectiveness can be very helpful for many other companies. The authors justify the effectiveness of the new model for innovation. They state that there are far too many resources outside companies, so it is but natural that companies can use those resources. However, they point out that it is impossible to create new products using the new model only as it can lead to failure. This is a very valuable tip for companies which are trying to adapt in the modern business environment. More so, Huston Sakkab (2006) stress that ideas taken from outside have been still analyzed by researchers in the labs of Procter Gamble. The authors provide particular examples when ideas were taken outside, but they were checked and developed by researchers of Procter Gamble. It is important to note that the authors comment upon each stage of the process of creating new products. Huston Sakkab (2006) outline helpful strategies of developing new products. For instance, many companies fail to implement the new model as they fail to choose the right ideas and develop new products. The authors note that it is essential to choose products which will meet top ten consumers’ needs and will ‘support’ existing products. The authors also name precise networks used by Procter Gamble. Of course, the same networks can be used by many other people interested in suggesting or acquiring various ideas. Finally, the authors highlight certain threats.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Article review â€Å"Connect and Develop: Inside Procter Gambles New Model for Innovation† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors point out that it is crucial not to overestimate external sources or underestimate internal resources as ideas found outside usually need further development. Basically, the authors draw a successful pattern of the use of CD model illustrating all their arguments with particular examples. Follow-on research The new model for innovation has been discussed for at least two decades by researchers. Huston Sakkab (2006) focus on th e experience of Procter Gamble whereas Huizingh (2010) and Li Kozhikode (2009) deal with some other examples concentrating on more theoretical points. Thus, Huizingh (2010) dwells upon the essence of the notion. The author provides an analysis of the major peculiarities of the model. Interestingly, Huizingh (2010) states that there will be no such a term ‘open innovation’ (or Connect Develop model) soon as the model will be used by all companies. In other words, it will become a norm. Nonetheless, the author also stresses that although many companies used the model effectively, the further study is necessary as there are many essential phenomena to be identified. Huizingh (2010) points out that profound quantitative and qualitative research should be implemented. Li and Kozhikode (2009) also note that further study is necessary. The authors also mention several successful examples of the model implementation, but they stress that companies should be prepared to face certain threats as the strategies used by multinationals cannot be always used by smaller companies. It is important to note that Li and Kozhikode (2009) concentrate on Asian companies (and individuals) which are regarded as the main sources of outside ideas for Western companies. The researchers suggest that smaller companies should work out their own strategies using the successful experience of other companies (both multinationals and smaller companies). Li and Kzhikode (2009) focus on the implementation of the new model by multinational companies and smaller enterprises. The researchers point out threats which can both multinationals and smaller companies face. It is necessary to point out that both articles provide several successful examples of the use of the open innovation model.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Applications The article under consideration provides new insights into the process of new products development. The article depicts a successful model of new products creation. This model can be useful for many companies. The detailed analysis of the CD model provided can help companies develop their own strategies. More so, companies or even individuals can make use of the mentioned networks. Huston Sakkab (2006) also depict certain threats. For instance, the authors point out that companies should not underestimate internal resources. This is a very important observation which can be helpful for many companies. Admittedly, lots of companies fail to launch new products as they misuse successful strategies used by others. The authors comment upon every stage of the new products development using the CD model (providing helpful tips). Following that pattern companies will be able to work out their own successful strategies. The article under consideration can help companies to adap t and succeed in the contemporary rapidly changing business environment. Reference List Huizingh, E.K.R.E. (2010). Open innovation: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Technovation, 31(1), 2-9. Huston, L. Sakkab, N. (2006) Connect and Develop: Inside Procter Gambles New Model for Innovation. Harvard Business Review, 84(3), 58-66. Li, J., Kozhikode, R.K. (2009). Developing New Innovation Models: Shifts in the Innovation Landscapes in Emerging Economies and Implications for Global RD Management. Journal of International Management, 15(3), 328-339.